An attempt has been made to have situation analysis of muga silk industry which will cover its importance, work done for its development of technology for muga silkworm rearing, seed production and technological parameters. Most of the studies are carried out on mulberry silk bombyx mori, however silk from indian nonmulberry silkworms are relatively unexplored. Comparative study on the rearing performance of muga. At the 5th stage muga silkworm ripen and search for suitable place for cocoon formation. The term vanya is of sanskrit origin, meaning untamed, wild, or forestbased. Muga silkworm belongs to lepidoptera of saturniidae family and, geographically isolated only to ne region of india. Antheraea assamensis, known as the muga silkworm as a larva and assam silk moth as an adult, is a moth of the family saturniidae.
The larvae of these moths feed on som machilus bombycina and sualu litsaea polyantha leaves. During day time and night time, some predator attacks on 3rd to 4th instar of muga silkworm. Ebscohost serves thousands of libraries with premium essays, articles and other content including muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis lepidoptera. The silk produced is known for its glossy, fine texture and durability. Silk industry among the taiahoms of assam, india as an. The present paper describes the comparative rearing performance of muga silkworm under indoor and outdoor rearing conditions. Factors affecting on quality muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer seed crop production. Traditional practices and terminologies in muga eri culture. Production of muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis helfer. Most of the research and development of technology is confined to china, india, and japan in asia.
Wild silkmoths include tasar silkworm, eri silkworm, oaktasar silkworm and muga silkworm. The mitochondrial genome of muga silkworm antheraea. In this report we fabricate 2d matrices from the regenerated aqueous silk fibroin protein of the glands of nonmulberry indian muga silkworm antheraea assama assamensis. Muga culture is an art and science dealing with rearing of the wild silkworm antheraea assamensis. Wild silks are often referred to in india as vanya silks. Muga antheraea assamensis is an economically important silkmoth endemic to the states of assam. Silk gland fibroin from indian muga silkworm antheraea. Silkworm moths only live for a few days and must mate as soon as they emerge from their cocoons. Som, persea bombycina, muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis, secondary metabolites, hplc.
Silk is a protein fiber produced by silkworm for spinning cocoon. Muga silk was unknown to outside world until 1662, till french explorer mr jean joseph taverniere discovered muga silk during an exploration to assam region of india. Silkworm moths go through four stages of development egg, larva, pupa and adult as do the majority of insects. Applied zoology gelecegi onemseyenler dernegi gonder. The race of wild silkmoths lives in a small area an assamsualkuthi village. All the strains reared at present belong to the species. How many dfls can be reared in one hectare of plantation. Silk a natural fibre silk often referred to as the queen of textiles is the strongest natural fibre lustrous, smooth, inherent affinity for dyes, vibrant colours, having high absorbent and light weight qualities excellent drape and elastic properties. In this article we will discuss about the life cycle of various silk moths. A muga silkworm released on a som tree machilus bombycina in the bakata village in sivasagar district of eastern assam state. Due to the high incidence of disease and natural enemies, and variations in climatic conditions, the production of muga silk has recently declined dramatically. Bacterial community structure and diversity in the gut of. Non mulberry silkworms tasar muga eri wild semi domesticated domesticated tropicalsilkworm a. Muga silk worm is multivoltine and 56 crops are raised in a year out of which two commercial crops jethua.
Pdf muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer is endemic to assam and. Review of literature biosystematics and bioassay in food plants of eri silkworm, philosamia ricini hutt domesticated race. It is found in assam in northeast india where 99% of its production occurs the larva feed on cinnamomum, laurus, litsea, carpinus, persea, magnolia, michelia, quercus, sarcostemma and symplocos. Saturniidae an overview of distribution, biology and breeding. The indian tasar silkworm antheraea mylitta is a natural fauna of tropical india, represented by more than 20 ecoraces. Muga silk industry of assam in historical perspectives. Tasar silk is generated by the worm of the silk month antheraea mylitta. The silkworm first makes a support then spins the cocoon. The female silkworm moth has tiny wings and a large abdomen. Muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis is exclusively present in the north eastern regions of india and rearing of this silkworm is a vocation unique to this region in the world. One tree can be utilized for two rearing in a year alternately during spring and autumn, thus one full grown tree can yield cocoons in a year and 5 trees are required to produce 5000 cocoons which yield one kg. Muga silk is the product of the silkworm antheraea assamensis endemic to assam. Scanning electron microscopy on the postembryonic development of the mouthpart sensory structures of the muga silk moth, antheraea assamensis revealed the presence of a variety of sensilla. What steps should be taken before rearing prebrushing care.
Muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis, rapd markers, genetic diversity. Sericulture is an important agrobased cottage industry which provides gainful employment to the rural section of the society. Improvement of host plants of muga silkworm antheraea. Fungal colonies cfu x 104g soil in control no amendment soil on 0 day with perionyx excavatus as test species. Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer is endemic to assam and adjoining areas in northeastern india, and naturally produces golden silk. It was previously reported that muga silk cannot be dyed or bleached due to low porosity, but this is incorrect. Life cycle of tasar silkworm antheraea mylitta fig2. Muga silk is a variety of wild silk geographically tagged to the state of assam in india. The best type of silk comes from the mulberry silkworm bombyx mori, which is obtained by domestication. Historically this is the highly desired fibre which has been used extensively for apparels, home. Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer is endemic to assam and adjoining. From time immemorial, many ethnic and tribal groups have produced muga silk. Muga, tasar, and eri silkworms are not fully tamed and the world lovingly calls the silks they produce as wild silks india produces four kinds of silk. Silk industry among the taiahom of assam, india as an attraction of tourist bandana mahan department of anthropology, gouhati university abstract silk industry is an agro based industry, the end product of which is silk.
Butterflies and moths, twowinged flies, bees and wasps, and beetles all have this 4stage life cycle. Researchers at a university in britain have developed viruses that could halt the decline of muga caterpillar in india which produces one of the finest silks in the world. Pdf on apr 1, 2011, rajesh kumar and others published muga silkworm, antheraea. In this paper, composition of few secondary metabolites, viz. These two cynthia and ricini were treated as separate species by hampson 1892, who differentiated ricini from cynthia on the basis of abdomen having segmented band of white hairs instead of tufts. Factors affecting on quality muga silkworm antheraea. Assam is the only place in the world where all commercially exploited varieties of silk viz. The rgd peptide sequence is partially responsible for cell. Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer indoor rearing. The silk is known for its extreme durability and has a natural yellowishgolden tint with a shimmering, glossy texture.
Life cycle of muga silkworm antheraea assama ww muga silkworm is a holometabolous insect passing through complete metamorphosis from egg to adult. Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors. Pdf muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis lepidoptera. Mahesha h b associate professor department of sericulture. It is believed that muga culture originated in the brahmaputra valley of assam, india. The experiments were conducted with an objective to standardize the indoor rearing practice of muga silkworm to avoid early instar loss. Analysis of genetic diversity of muga silkworm antheraea. Rearing of muga silkworm muga silkworm rear in out door on tree.
Indigenous technical knowledge associated in muga culture. The other silkworm species produce silk that is known as wild silk, since the silkworms are grown in the remote forests in natural weather. Muga culture is an age old traditional practices sustaining amidst the rural folk since time immemorial in. The experiments were conducted with an objective to standardize the indoor rearing practice of muga silkworm to avoid early instar loss and adverse climatic conditions. Muga silkwormthe unique golden silk producer at the time. Muga silk is produced by antheraea assama westwood which is an endemic species prevalent in the brahmaputra valley and adjoining hills. The muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis, is exclusively present in the northeastern regions of india and rearing of this silkworm is a vocation unique to this region in the world. Experienced muga farmers use to identify the preferred variety of som plants by chewing the leaves. Then the muga worm are coming down to the food plant at evening time for cocooning. Muga silk has a special status due to its natural golden yellow colour. The success of the silkworm rearing depends on the quality of leaves, suitable environment factors and proper management practices. Mulberry pat, eri, muga and oak tasar silk are produced.
In assam, muga silk weaving is an ancient craft, though there is no definite and precise mention of the time of its origin. Wild silkmoths include tasar silkworm, erisilkworm, oaktasar silkworm and muga silkworm. After cocooning you can remove them and spin some silk, or you can wait until they hatch they will hatch in about a month. Peigler abstract muga silk is the traditional heritage of assam. Abstract the muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis, is exclusively present in the northeastern regions of india and rearing of this silkworm is a. A muga silkworm released on a som tree in the bakata. The life cycle of muga silkworms lasts for 50 days in summer and maximum 150 days during winter. Mulberry silkworms are the caterpillars or larvae of silkworm moths and feed on the leaves of mulberry trees morus. The types, distribution pattern of the sensilla remained almost the same in the different larval stages except for the number and dimension in some cases. Silk gland fibroin from indian muga silkworm antheraea assama as potential biomaterial 201 mylitta,20 22a. The muga silkworm is a single species with little genetic variation among populations, survives harsh climatic conditions and is subject to various diseases, pests and predators. The muga silkworm rearing is conducted throughout the year six times year on som and soalu plantations. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Muga silkworm cultivation has been an age old practice, it is obviously environment controlled and the rearing performance is quite different in each season.
The life cycle of mulberry silkworm completes in 4555 days, consists of stages egg, larva, pupa and moth. Bacterial community structure and diversity in the gut of the muga. Muga silkworm is a wild silk producing insect feeding on the leaves of som persea bombycina, soalu litsea monopetala and dighloti litsea salicifolia. Flow, feedrates and stringing by adam holloway january 30, 20 a potentially confusing area when setting up prints with silkworm is the amount of plastic that needs to be continue reading defining your slic3r settings for silkworm by arthur mamoumani december 22, 2012 what are slic3r settings and how can you find out if. Muga silkworm is a polyhageous insect which feeds on leaves of som, soalu and other plants which grows abundantly in brahmapautra valley. Abstract the muga silk industry of assam has been in existence since time immemorial. The life cycle lasts for 50 days in summer and max.
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